Invertebrate Biodiversity
Invertebrates are the most biodiverse group of animals on earth. And the most un-worked. Half the world species (of all animals) are insects, and it is thought that there may be up to 30 million species insects to be determined. Only 900,000 insect species have so far been described. The lowest estimate for insect species is somewhere between 3-6 million, but the maximum as stated is 30 million. That is just insects. Insects are just a part of the whole world of invertebrates, and their numbers are still being counted. Compared with the world's total bird species of just under 10,000 species, and mammals of just 4,500 species. So there is much still to learn about inverts. And when one learns that up to 25% of all inverts live in the canopy isn't it time to study that rich environment? Here is some data on the Dragonflies, Damselflies and Spiders found at REGUA:
Click Beetle
Millipede
Coccinelid Beetle
Nemeobiid Butterfly
Nymphalid sp.
Preying Mantis
Tarantula sp.
Orthopteran
ODONATA (Dragonflies & Damselflies)
48 species of dragonfly and damselfly have been recorded from the Regua reserve, and 20 of these are endemic species. The following is a list of these species taken from the paper by Vick & Chelmick, 2001.| Calopterygidae family Hetaerina auripennis ENDEMIC Hetaerina brightwelli ENDEMIC Hetaerina hebe ENDEMIC Hetaerina mendezi ENDEMIC |
| Lestidae family Lestes foricula |
| Perilesidae family Perilestes fragilis ENDEMIC |
| Megapodagrionidae family Heteragrion aurantiacum ENDEMIC Heteragrion consors ENDEMIC |
| Pseudostigmatidae family Mecistogaster (Goniostigma) amalia ENDEMIC |
| Protoneuridae family Forcepsioneura ciganae ENDEMIC Forcepsioneura garrisoni ENDEMIC |
| Coenagrionidae family Acanthagrion gracile Argia sordida Ischnura ramburi Ischnura (Ceratura) capreolus Leptagrion sp. Telebasis corallinum |
| Aeschnidae family Triacanthagyna septima Limnetron sp. ENDEMIC Limnetron debile ENDEMIC Castoraeschna castor |
| Gomphidae family Epigomphus paludosus ENDEMIC Progomphus austalis ENDEMIC Progomphus complicates ENDEMIC Zonophora campanulata ENDEMIC |
| Corduliidae family Neocordulia setifera |
| Libellulidae family Brachymesia herbida Brechmorhoga praedatrix Dasythemis venosa ENDEMIC Diastatops obscura Elasmothemis constricta ENDEMIC Erythemis peruviana Erythrodiplas basalis Erythodiplax juliana Erythodiplax umbrata Libellula herculea Macrothemis declivata Macrothemis pleurosticta ENDEMIC Macrothemis tessellata Micrathyria cataenata Micrathyria hesperis Nephepeltia phryne Orthemis discolor Pantala flavescens Perithemis mooma Tramea cophysa |
ORDER ARACHNIDA (Spiders)
Numerous species of spider have been identified at REGUA by the spider expedition in 2000-2001 (see Bibliography). Also see Adriano Kury's website here. This list is courtesy of Prof. Dr. Adriano Brilhante Kury.| Actinopodidae Actinopus sp. |
| Anyphaenidae Aysha robusta (Keyserling, 1891) Aysha triunfo Brescovit, 1992 Patrera procera (Keyserling, 1891) |
| Araneidae Alpaida sp. Alpaida tijuca Levi, 1988 Araneus tijuca Levi, 1991 Araneus venator (C. L. Koch, 1838) Argiope argentata (Fabricius, 1775) Eriophora edax (Blackwall, 1863) Mangora sp. Mangora strenua (Keyserling, 1893) Micrathena brevispina (Keyserling, 1864) Micrathena guanabara Levi, 1985 Micrathena jundiai Levi, 1985 Micrathena nigrichelis Strand, 1908 Micrathena plana (C. L. Koch, 1836) Parawixia kochi (Taczanowski, 1873) Parawixia monticola (Keyserling, 1892) Verrucosa meridionalis (Keyserling, 1892) Wagneriana gavensis (Camargo, 1950) Wagneriana sp. |
| Barychelidae Paracenobiopelma sp. |
| Corinnidae Corinna nitens (Keyserling, 1891) Corinna sp. Falconina gracilis (Keyserling, 1891) Ianduba varia (Keyserling, 1891) Myrmecium rufum Latreille, 1824 Parachemmis sp. |
| Ctenidae Ctenus sp. Enoploctenus cyclothorax (Bertkau, 1880) Enoploctenus maculipes Strand, 1909 Enoploctenus sp. Itatiaya sp. Oligoctenus ornatus (Keyserling, 1876) Phoneutria nigriventer (Keyserling, 1891) |
| Dipluridae Trechona venosa (Latreille, 1832) |
| Idiopidae Idiops sp. |
| Linyphiidae Dubiaranea cf. obscura (Keyserling, 1891) |
| Lycosidae Aglaoctenus diversus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1877) Hogna sp. |
| Miturgidae Eutichurus ravidus Simon, 1897 |
| Nemesiidae Stenoterommata maculata (Bertkau, 1880) |
| Oonopidae Dysderina sp. |
| Oxyopidae Oxyopes sp. Schaenicoscelis sp. |
| Pholcidae Mesabolivar brasiliensis Moenkhaus, 1898 Mesabolivar cyaneomaculatus (Keyserling, 1891) Mesabolivar cyaneotaeniatus (Keyserling, 1891) Mesabolivar luteus (Keyserling, 1891) Mesabolivar sp. Mesabolivar togatus (Keyserling, 1891) Metagonia cf. bicornis (Keyserling, 1891) Metagonia sp. Tupigea sp. |
| Pisauridae Thaumasia sp. |
| Salticidae Chira thysbe Simon, 1902 Lyssomanes penicillatus M-L, 1927b Phiale sp. Psecas sp. |
| Sparassidae Olios sp. |
| Tetragnathidae Azilia boudeti Simon, 1895 Chrysometa boraceia Levi, 1986 Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus, 1758) |
| Theridiidae Argyrodes acuminatus Keyserling, 1891 Argyrodes sp. Theridion evexum Keyserling, 1884 |
| Theridiosomatidae Epilineutes globosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1896) |
| Thomisidae Onocolus sp. Tmarus formosus M-L, 1917c Tmarus sp. |
| Trechaleidae Hesydrus sp. Trechalea keyserlingi F. P.-Cambridge, 1903 Trechalea sp. |
| Uloboridae Miagrammopes sp. Philoponella fasciata (M-L, 1917b) |
| Zoridae Paravulsor sp. |
| List of the species of Opiliones collected at REGUA: Cosmetidae Cosmetinae Metavononoides sp. |
| Gonyleptidae Caelopyginae Gen. sp. |
| Gonyleptidae Gonyleptinae Collonychium bicuspidatum (Koch, 1839) Geraecormobius convexus (M-L, 1931) Gonyleptes acanthopus (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824) Mischonyx cuspidatus (Roewer, 1913) Multumbo terenus Roewer, 1927 |
| Gonyleptidae Mitobatinae Despirus parvulus (Roewer, 1927) Neoancistrotus sp. |
| Gonyleptidae Pachylinae Eusarcus sp. Graphinotus sp. Metagraphinotus sp. |
| Gonyleptidae Progonyleptoidellinae Adhynastes tenuis Roewer, 1930 |
| Gonyleptidae Tricommatinae Genera spp (some new) Camarana sp. Spinopilar sp. |
| Sclerosomatidae Gagrellinae Jussara luteovariata (Mello-Leitão, 1932) |
| List of the species of Scorpiones collected at REGUA: Buthidae Tityus costatus (Karsch, 1879) |
| Bothriuridae Thestylus glazioui (Bertkau, 1880) |
| List of the participants of these expeditions: Abel Pérez (Speedy González) Adriano Kury (Adrik) Alessandro Giupponi (Sukrilhos) Deives Almeida (Beira-Mar/Pô, manero!) Denis Pedroso (Rafa/Denizaith) Renner Baptista (Majinboo) |